If you are the owner of a website, especially one with a large audience, there are numerous ways in which you can earn an income from advertising. The best part is is that it's so easy. Most people think that you need to actually sign up companies or accounts on an individual basis. This is not so. All you need to do is register through third party ad servers or brokers to begin serving ads on your website.
Here are my three favorite advertisement serving companies that you can choose from to make additional income from your website:
1. Fastclick: Fast click serves banner ads in a variety of different sizes. You choose the sizes you want and then just paste the code onto your website to begin showing the ads. Fastclick works on a cost per 1000 impressions (CPM) basis. That is, you get paid based on every time the ads are shown 1000 times on your website. You get paid whether or not anybody actually clicks on them! You get 65% of the revenue and Fastclick keeps 35%. The banner ads shown are very appealing with some well known companies that use it to advertise, including MSN, Ask Jeeves, Vonage, and Western Union. To the average layman visiting your site, it would look as though some great companies have personally chosen to advertise on your site bringing it some added credibility. You can also block any inappropriate banner ads from showing on your site. Register at www.fastclick.com.
2. Commission Junction: An affiliate marketing provider. With Commission Junction, you choose which affiliates' ads to show on your site and then post their banners. This doesn't pay based on the number of impressions or the number of clicks, but rather someone would have to click on the banner, be taken to the affiliate website, and then either sign up or buy something from that website before you would be paid a commission. Obviously, the actual number of completed transactions are low but the commission on the completed sales are higher than other advertising methods. Commissions run anywhere from $1 to over $100 per completed sale or sales lead. Various affiliates that you can choose from include Ebay, Yahoo, IceJerseys.com, and Starbucks. Sign up at www.cj.com.
3. Google Adsense: This PPC (pay-per-click) advertising is probably the most popular and widely used of all internet advertising web publishers, probably because it is the most nondescript and doesn't involve any animated banners that draw attention away from your website. You serve the Google text ads on your site and you get paid any time someone clicks on one of the ads. Mainly, you get anywhere between 1 cent and 50 cents per click. This doesn't sound like much but if you have a website with heavy traffic it could be thousands of dollars a month. Register at www.google.com/adsense.
You can use any one or a combination of all three methods to earn advertising revenue from your website.
The newest way to earn advertising revenue with your website is via the auction marketplace at http://www.PlaceMyProduct.com
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
Turn One PC to Many - MultiPC, Thin Client
One CPU connected with many keyboards, mouse, monitors, web cams,speakers and microphones so that more than one user can operate a computer simultaneously is the concept of MultiPC or Thin Client as I am going to discuss here.
Here in Kathmandu, I saw this system for the first time when I was setting up a cyber cafe. Very limited budget and heavy cost of hardware along with the expectation of small return everyday of a cyber cafe made me think about the alternet way to reduce the installation cost. When I started my cyber cafe, the cost of a computer set (some how working medium quality) was around 30 thousand rupees. That way purchasing fifteen computer sets would directly cost 4,50,000 Rs set aside the cost of furnitures and decoration. When I calculated the expected income that a cyber may earn everyday was quite disappointing with respect to this investment. The cyber rate at that time was Rs. 20 per hour and we had to manage it to Rs. 15 for us to sustain and attract customer. That way, the daily income from the cyber would be Rs. 1,125 if all the computers were occupied all five hours a day. So investing much amount on cyber was useless.
I started to search on internet if any alternative is found to reduce the system cost in considerable amount so that a cyber could be run with a safe invest. The first thing I found was Applica, a system that claimed as I expected, but the problem here was I need to import all the hardware, wires, switch/router like devices, Software everything and the whole system was rather different made me doubt if it could be applied to a Cyber Cafe. Next thing I found was Userful a multiuser software based solution that could connect upto 10 user stations with a CPU. This was quite OK as I could purchase the required devices from my local market. But this was with a Linux Operating System and I was sure that my customer here are not familiar with Linux and would feel uncomfortable. This solution too became useless. I found a free download of Userful too. I downloaded but never tested, thinking that here in Kathmandu the general users of Cyber Cafe won't appreciate it much.
In the course of my quest for the multiuser system, one day, I landed on thinsoft site. There I found beTwin. This was the solution. It run on Windows. Upto 5 stations could connect to a CPU. Did not require heavy processing neither lot of RAM. It supported Networking and Installation was quite simple. My intuition told me that this is the right choice.
I bought 5 CPUs, one for the server and four for the client stations. I did not like to share the server CPU as it had to work for scanning, printing, operating cyber timer software and store a lot of backups. One CPU will be connected with four stations including the host staion.
List of Devices, as I remember, I purchased
Monitors: 17 pcs
Keyboards/mices: 17 pcs
Headsets: 4 pcs
Printer: 1 pcs
Scanner: 1 pcs
Webcam : 4 pcs
Monitor Extension Data Cable: 12 pcs
USB extension Cable : 12 pcs
PS to USB converter (Y-Cable) : 12 pcs
USB splitter : 4 pcs
I decided to use the voice chat and video chat on only four of the stations considering the internet bandwidth requirement and extra harware. One switch connected those five CPUs through CAT5 cables to form LAN.
CPU configuration I purchased
Intel 845 GVFN motherboard (this was the latest then)
Hynix 512 MB RAM 2 pcs
VGA/Sound Card/NIC Card inbuilt in motherboard
80 GB PATA hard disk
ATI 8MB VGA Card 3 pieces (to connect with added monitors; one VGA was inbuilt)
How I Installed MultiPC
Positioned all the CPUs and Monitors, Keyboard/Mouse on their designed places.
Connected one monitor, keboard and mouse with a CPU on the board's built in port. So a single set of computer was prepared.
Installed Windows XP on that CPU.
Installed all device drivers. Device Drivers of ATI VGA Cards displayed conflict. I removed the windows installed drivers for ATI VGA Cards and reinstalled the drivers from the CDs that came with the VGA cards. The conflict was resolved.
Then I inserted the Y-Cable one by one.
Checked on Device Manager to see if any conflict exists. Everything was fine. Y-cables had installed the Human interface device and Device Manager listed four monitors, four keyboards, four mice.
Connected the three keyboard and mice on those Y-Cables (Ps2 to USB converter).
I checked if all mouse made the mouse pointer move or not, similarly, all keyboards typed or not. All those mice and keyboard works on the same monitor. OK perfect.
Then I connected the three monitors on that CPU on the ATI VGA Card's Port.
Then the 'Enable Extended Desktop Support' was turned on from the system properties (Right click on the desktop and chose properties, and go to the settings tab)
When I clicked Apply button on Settings tab of System Properties dialog box all the connected monitors turned on displaying the desktop. Only the host monitor contained the taskbar and Start button all others were displaying only the desktop.
Then I installed the beTwin - MultiPC software. After it finished installation, the computer restarted. It displayed prompt on each of the monitor one by one to press OK from keyboard and click with mouse. This step was to identify which keyboard and mouse works with which monitor.
Then again the computer restarted.
On this restart, all the four monitors were running perfectly independent and the keyboard and mouse worked only with that particular monitor. So the stations were formed.
On the host computer, it was asking for the license. When I provided the license and restarted, the system was ready to operate
I took the backup of the whole system. The hardware cloning was done with a small tool called Snapshot. And this image was burnt on other three hard disks to prepare other three sets of 4 stations.
When other computers were ready, beTwin asked for the license for each of them.
When everything was ready I locked the system drive with DeepFreeze to protect the system configuration and ensure proper running.
Was beTwin MultiPC Successful or Gave Problems
I should say to the largest scale that the beTwin MultiPC was successful. This does not mean that there were no problems. But the heavy saving on investment and excellant performance of MultiPC made those problems negligible.
System Hang Made all Stations Hang
This is true. This happened many times. Cyber users accessed any sort of sites and the viruses or spyware when infected one user started disturbing all other station connected with that CPU. Later on I learnt that this happens when any user logs off the station. So the problem was resolved after I installed the virus and spyware dectection system on LAN Server and removed the logoff facility (from windows group policy editor) from user stations.
Could not Use for Computer Games
This is partially true. Flash games and other online games run without any problem. But those games that require heavy processing or too much RAM were impared in this system. If one station played the game other stations happened very slow. I could not find any solution to this proble.
Single IP Address for All Stations
Though there are four or five stations on a system all of them share the same IP address of the host station. There might be solution to provide different IP addresses to each station (though virtual IPs) but I did not find any or I did not bother for that since it never disturbed on any functionality.
Is It Good to Apply in Schools?
I refered to some schools here in Kathmandu. They worked well and they are still using this system. But there is a problem for them in schools. Still our secondary level school curriculum contain the Qbasic programming language and if you run Qbasic in one station all other became sluggish. And I did not find any solution yet. I don't know how it happen for C or C++ interfaces. If you can compromise with Qbasic problem then its OK for schools as well.
Here in Kathmandu, I saw this system for the first time when I was setting up a cyber cafe. Very limited budget and heavy cost of hardware along with the expectation of small return everyday of a cyber cafe made me think about the alternet way to reduce the installation cost. When I started my cyber cafe, the cost of a computer set (some how working medium quality) was around 30 thousand rupees. That way purchasing fifteen computer sets would directly cost 4,50,000 Rs set aside the cost of furnitures and decoration. When I calculated the expected income that a cyber may earn everyday was quite disappointing with respect to this investment. The cyber rate at that time was Rs. 20 per hour and we had to manage it to Rs. 15 for us to sustain and attract customer. That way, the daily income from the cyber would be Rs. 1,125 if all the computers were occupied all five hours a day. So investing much amount on cyber was useless.
I started to search on internet if any alternative is found to reduce the system cost in considerable amount so that a cyber could be run with a safe invest. The first thing I found was Applica, a system that claimed as I expected, but the problem here was I need to import all the hardware, wires, switch/router like devices, Software everything and the whole system was rather different made me doubt if it could be applied to a Cyber Cafe. Next thing I found was Userful a multiuser software based solution that could connect upto 10 user stations with a CPU. This was quite OK as I could purchase the required devices from my local market. But this was with a Linux Operating System and I was sure that my customer here are not familiar with Linux and would feel uncomfortable. This solution too became useless. I found a free download of Userful too. I downloaded but never tested, thinking that here in Kathmandu the general users of Cyber Cafe won't appreciate it much.
In the course of my quest for the multiuser system, one day, I landed on thinsoft site. There I found beTwin. This was the solution. It run on Windows. Upto 5 stations could connect to a CPU. Did not require heavy processing neither lot of RAM. It supported Networking and Installation was quite simple. My intuition told me that this is the right choice.
I bought 5 CPUs, one for the server and four for the client stations. I did not like to share the server CPU as it had to work for scanning, printing, operating cyber timer software and store a lot of backups. One CPU will be connected with four stations including the host staion.
List of Devices, as I remember, I purchased
Monitors: 17 pcs
Keyboards/mices: 17 pcs
Headsets: 4 pcs
Printer: 1 pcs
Scanner: 1 pcs
Webcam : 4 pcs
Monitor Extension Data Cable: 12 pcs
USB extension Cable : 12 pcs
PS to USB converter (Y-Cable) : 12 pcs
USB splitter : 4 pcs
I decided to use the voice chat and video chat on only four of the stations considering the internet bandwidth requirement and extra harware. One switch connected those five CPUs through CAT5 cables to form LAN.
CPU configuration I purchased
Intel 845 GVFN motherboard (this was the latest then)
Hynix 512 MB RAM 2 pcs
VGA/Sound Card/NIC Card inbuilt in motherboard
80 GB PATA hard disk
ATI 8MB VGA Card 3 pieces (to connect with added monitors; one VGA was inbuilt)
How I Installed MultiPC
Positioned all the CPUs and Monitors, Keyboard/Mouse on their designed places.
Connected one monitor, keboard and mouse with a CPU on the board's built in port. So a single set of computer was prepared.
Installed Windows XP on that CPU.
Installed all device drivers. Device Drivers of ATI VGA Cards displayed conflict. I removed the windows installed drivers for ATI VGA Cards and reinstalled the drivers from the CDs that came with the VGA cards. The conflict was resolved.
Then I inserted the Y-Cable one by one.
Checked on Device Manager to see if any conflict exists. Everything was fine. Y-cables had installed the Human interface device and Device Manager listed four monitors, four keyboards, four mice.
Connected the three keyboard and mice on those Y-Cables (Ps2 to USB converter).
I checked if all mouse made the mouse pointer move or not, similarly, all keyboards typed or not. All those mice and keyboard works on the same monitor. OK perfect.
Then I connected the three monitors on that CPU on the ATI VGA Card's Port.
Then the 'Enable Extended Desktop Support' was turned on from the system properties (Right click on the desktop and chose properties, and go to the settings tab)
When I clicked Apply button on Settings tab of System Properties dialog box all the connected monitors turned on displaying the desktop. Only the host monitor contained the taskbar and Start button all others were displaying only the desktop.
Then I installed the beTwin - MultiPC software. After it finished installation, the computer restarted. It displayed prompt on each of the monitor one by one to press OK from keyboard and click with mouse. This step was to identify which keyboard and mouse works with which monitor.
Then again the computer restarted.
On this restart, all the four monitors were running perfectly independent and the keyboard and mouse worked only with that particular monitor. So the stations were formed.
On the host computer, it was asking for the license. When I provided the license and restarted, the system was ready to operate
I took the backup of the whole system. The hardware cloning was done with a small tool called Snapshot. And this image was burnt on other three hard disks to prepare other three sets of 4 stations.
When other computers were ready, beTwin asked for the license for each of them.
When everything was ready I locked the system drive with DeepFreeze to protect the system configuration and ensure proper running.
Was beTwin MultiPC Successful or Gave Problems
I should say to the largest scale that the beTwin MultiPC was successful. This does not mean that there were no problems. But the heavy saving on investment and excellant performance of MultiPC made those problems negligible.
System Hang Made all Stations Hang
This is true. This happened many times. Cyber users accessed any sort of sites and the viruses or spyware when infected one user started disturbing all other station connected with that CPU. Later on I learnt that this happens when any user logs off the station. So the problem was resolved after I installed the virus and spyware dectection system on LAN Server and removed the logoff facility (from windows group policy editor) from user stations.
Could not Use for Computer Games
This is partially true. Flash games and other online games run without any problem. But those games that require heavy processing or too much RAM were impared in this system. If one station played the game other stations happened very slow. I could not find any solution to this proble.
Single IP Address for All Stations
Though there are four or five stations on a system all of them share the same IP address of the host station. There might be solution to provide different IP addresses to each station (though virtual IPs) but I did not find any or I did not bother for that since it never disturbed on any functionality.
Is It Good to Apply in Schools?
I refered to some schools here in Kathmandu. They worked well and they are still using this system. But there is a problem for them in schools. Still our secondary level school curriculum contain the Qbasic programming language and if you run Qbasic in one station all other became sluggish. And I did not find any solution yet. I don't know how it happen for C or C++ interfaces. If you can compromise with Qbasic problem then its OK for schools as well.
8 Steps to Developing Ad Revenue from Your Site
The dream never dies: lying on the beach while money rolls in effortlessly from your website. That may work for some. For most of us, however, earning money on the Web is hard work -- and that includes revenue from advertising.
Here are the 8 steps necessary to develop your site into a revenue source from advertising:
- Provide dynamite content
- Determine your site's income potential
- Prepare your site to display banner ads
- Conduct a demographic study
- Set prices for banner ads
- Register with the ad directories
- Contact advertisers and media buyers
- Go to the beach
Step 1. Provide dynamite content
As an e-commerce consultant I get a lot of calls and hear a lot of half-baked business plans. They often include substantial or total revenue from advertising. What these business plans usually forget is that getting traffic to a site is usually very expensive.
In my view, the only way to get enough traffic to support an advertising model is to create such tremendous value that the site gets written up in the media, people tell their friends about it, and they WANT to come. The site has to be attractive on its own merits, and that takes rich content:
- Information -- articles, reviews, or massive links to other sites in a field
- Free Software downloads
- Entertainment -- online games, music, photos, videos, fun stuff
- Online services -- calculators, submitters, site monitors, etc.
Good, unique content is expensive to produce. You either write it yourself, or pay others to write it. If you accept free content, then your site is no longer unique, since those same features can be found on dozens of other sites. The same goes for developing entertainment and online services.
These days, you need to find a niche where you and your team are experts, and build the offerings of your site with such excellence that many, many people are attracted to what you've prepared.
Step 2. Determine your site's income potential
A number of sites have already developed significant traffic. But how much traffic do you need to make advertising pay enough to be worthwhile? Let's do the numbers.
First, I need to introduce you to some terms used in the online advertising industry:
- Banner or Page Views -- the number of times the HTML pages on your site are looked at. "Hits" isn't precise enough, since when a webpage is requested by a visitor's web browser, it creates a "hit" to the server for every graphic on the page.
- Impressions -- means the same as banner or page views. It implies that a banner ad makes an "impression" on the viewer, so this is a favorite term for ad salespeople.
- Inventory -- the number of impressions you have to sell each month.
- CPM (Cost per Thousand) -- This term, imported from the print and TV advertising industries, refers to the price charged to have 1,000 pairs of eyeballs see an ad. $35 CPM (the current rate card average) means that it costs $35 to get 1000 people to see a banner ad. (Note: the M in CPM is the Roman numeral for 1000.)
- Rate Card -- Statement of your standard rates, minimum ad buys, banner sizes, payment policies, etc. for advertising on your site. Advertising commonly sells for somewhat under rate card prices, but they're a starting place.
- CTR (Click Through Rate) -- The percentage of people who see an ad that actually click on it and go to the advertiser's site. The national average is 0.5%, though ads on targeted sites such as Wilson Internet Services typically have CTRs of 2% to 3% or higher -- sometimes substantially higher.
- Gross -- The price paid for advertising by companies when they purchase advertising themselves.
- Net -- The amount the siteowner is paid for advertising after the advertiser's ad agency or media buyer subtracts their 15% fee. For this 15% fee, the media buyer scouts out and negotiates the best place and prices for a company's ads.
Of course, there are other terms, but this will get us started.
How much traffic would it take to earn $1000 in ad revenue? Let's do the math, making the assumption that your advertisers pay the average of $35 CPM. The formula is:
| Gross Revenue = | Impressions x CPM / 1000 |
| $1,000 = | 28,572 impression x $35.00 / 1000 |
So to make $1,000 gross revenue you need to sell 28,572 impressions or banner views. Selling advertising has its own set of costs and hassles, so make sure you'll be receiving enough compensation to make it worthwhile before you embark on this venture.
The Real Average CPM
You need to be aware, however, that the $35 CPM rate card average may be misleading. With millions of sites, and not enough ads to go around, a great number of smaller sites sell ads for $1 to $10 CPM, and much inventory goes unsold. Your site will need to have some demonstrable economic value to an advertiser before you can sell it at higher prices. Untargeted sites have little value to advertisers.
Industry consultant Mark Welch of Adability (http://www.adability.com) insists that the average price of banner ads (vs. the announced rate card prices) is from $1 to $3 CPM, since one must include both sold and unsold inventory in the averages. Keep that in mind.
Michele Schott, Director of Marketing Communications at AdKnowledge (http://www.adknowledge.com), on the other hand, finds that she can often get 10% to 20% off rate card prices for her ad agency's clients, but seldom more. She's found, at least for business-to-business publications, there is high demand and limited inventory, and thus relatively high prices.
It comes down to a question of supply and demand. If you have a site that is valued by advertisers, you'll sell more ads, and you'll be able to demand higher prices. We'll come back to pricing in a few minutes.
Step 3. Prepare your site to display banner ads
At its simplest, a banner ad is a linked graphic. So conceivably, you could take your advertiser's banner ad, link it to his site, and paste this HTML code at the top of each webpage on your site. This works well until the advertiser changes or you have more than one advertiser who will need to share the available page views. At that point you need a banner serving program to simplify administration.
A banner serving or ad management program "rotates" your advertisers' banner ads throughout your site, allows you to show some banners more often than others, and keeps track of the statistics of impressions, click-throughs, and click-through rates. Expect to pay $50 to $20,000 for a banner serving program. You'll need some technical expertise to install such a program on your webserver and get it running, though operating such a program can be accomplished via a web browser by a person with average computer skills after some instruction. (See the accompanying article "Ins and Outs of Displaying Banner Ads")
Another alternative is to use a third-party banner serving system. You put their code on your web pages, and they take care of placing banners on your site -- for a fee, of course. You might also consider Banner Networks (See the accompanying article "Pros and Cons of Banner Networks and Exchanges")
Once you've set up your site so you can display banners easily, I suggest that you select some affiliate programs that show promise -- or some free ads to an advertiser you're trying to woo -- and display those banner ads on your site at the beginning. It's important that you look like you're ready for business in order for advertisers to take you seriously.
Step 4. Conduct a demographic study
But for you to get advertisers, they need to be convinced that the visitors to your site are good prospects to purchase their products or services. To do this you conduct a demographic survey.
Preparing a demographic profile of visitors first involves developing a set of multiple-choice questions appropriate to your site. Wilson Internet Services is a business-to-business site, so I ask information about the visitor's area of business, job responsibilities, amount of budget he or she influences, etc. If your site attracts primarily consumers, you need to find out gender, age, interests, average household income, etc. Your purpose is to answer the questions that a potential advertiser will be asking about your visitors.
Next set up an HTML form on your site that writes answers to a data file on the site that you can later download and analyze using tools such as Microsoft Access or Excel.
To encourage people to respond to your questionnaire, however, you'll need to offer some inducement. Enter them in a contest that offers a free trip for two to Tahiti -- or Toledo, for that matter. Offer them a free book or a free ticket. You might see what some of your potential advertisers might want to give away, and strike a deal to offer that; it doesn't necessarily have to come out of your pocket. The point is, however, that unless you offer an inducement, you'll get few questionnaires completed.
Once you've collected the material and analyzed it, you need to write it up in readable form, interspersed with graphs and pie charts. Media buyers need to understand the salient facts of your audience, so make it clear. Select the data that you think your advertisers need to make a good decision and leave out the rest.
As you may have concluded, preparing a good demographic profile is a lot of work. You may need to outsource this to a company skilled in market research, or a grad student at the local university.
Is a demographic profile absolutely necessary? you ask, hoping to be able to skip this arduous task. Yes, I reply, if you really want to be taken seriously by advertisers and media buyers with significant money to spend. The other kind of advertisers don't care as much about demographic profiles.
Step 5. Set prices for banner ads
What should you charge for advertising on your site? The short answer is: Whatever the traffic will bear. In other words, you need to determine the market value of your site.
The CPM you can get for banner ads varies from $1 CPM to $100 CPM. It all depends upon the kind of people who are attracted to your site, and their perceived economic value to the advertiser.
| Low Value $1 to $20 |
|
| Medium Value $15 to $35 | Specific demographic groups with economic clout, for example
Notice this can be any general age group, but must be specific enough that it is of interest to a particular advertiser. I'm speaking in generalities here; there are no guarantees. It's a case of supply and demand, and your ability to represent your site effectively AND get good results for your advertisers. |
| Higher Value $35 to $60 |
|
| Top Value $60 to $100 |
|
You can sample of our rate cards and demographic profile for Wilson Internet Services at http://wilsonweb.com/ads/
Now you can see why a demographic profile is vital if you want to sell at CPMs above $1 to $5. You must demonstrate to the advertiser the economic value of your visitors.
I recommend setting your prices at the higher end of what you think you can get. You can always offer a "deal" to make a media buyer look good for her client. Actual sale prices are often lower than stated Rate Card prices. I don't recommend trying to offer the "low price advantage" in your category. The lower the price you offer, the less value will be perceived by your potential advertiser. Set a good price, and then seek to convince the advertiser that your site is worth it.
Step 6. Register with the ad directories
Once you've set your prices and done a demographic study, then register your site at places media buyers look for sites that take advertising:
- AdKnowledge http://connection.marketmatch.com/
- SRDS (Standard Rate and Data Service) http://www.srds.com/get_listed/index2.html
Look at AdKnowledge's questions first. You'll probably need to dig up some information from log file analysis. Then go and fill out the form as fully as possible. Both these companies sell their lists to media buyers who then study them to find good matches for particular clients.
Step 7. Contact advertisers and media buyers
If you've done the steps outlined above, it's now time to contact the media buyers for interactive ad agencies. You can find them listed at Yahoo. Your goal is for them to look at your Rate Card, demographic data, etc. Be ready to deal as you begin to land these advertising agencies and their clients. Once you've established the value of your site to them, your goal is to win repeat business from the same and new clients that the agency represents.
You can also try to sell to the marketing manger for advertisers you think might be well suited for your site. By all means try this. But be aware that savvy marketing managers often outsource media buying to ad agencies. The ad agency doesn't cost any more than if the marketing manager purchased advertising directly from the siteowner, since the ad agency makes its money from the 15% difference between what it pays the siteowner and what their advertiser client pays the ad agency.
Why in the world should a siteowner deal with ad agencies when it means earning 15% less revenue? What's more, ad agencies are notoriously slow to pay. The reason, frankly, is because ad agencies are usually the key to companies with large advertising budgets.
Few small businesses have the "branding" mentality -- or the budget -- to purchase $35+ CPM banner ads month after month. Only better-funded companies can do this. So you must court the ad agencies in order to get the larger, consistent advertisers. At the same time court the marketing managers of obvious advertising matches. Sure, this is hard work, but it makes the difference between high CPMs and low or no CPMs.
Step 8. Go to the beach
The really big question is whether you'll get to go to the beach anytime soon. There's never enough time to do everything you ought to do. But you need to set limits. If you're a beach person, definitely schedule some beach time, whether you can "afford" it or not. You'll need the refreshment it provides to hit it hard again next week.
No, generating ad revenue from your site probably won't get you rich. It probably won't even bring in enough to be a primary revenue source for your business, at least right away. But as a supplement to other sources of revenue, it can become significant if you are willing to invest time and energy in developing it.
Google AdSense within Joomla content
There are two main ways of inserting Google AdSense within your Joomla website. The first option is to use an AdSense module. This will allow you to insert the code into one of your template positions. This is a fairly standard procedure, install the module from the backend, customize any necessary parameters, and publish the module.
There are various modules which allow you to do this:
AdSense Module - ClickSafe Special Edition - this is the easiest, most popular and a very flexible way of inserting AdSense code into your website.
mod_html module - this is a module which allows you to insert ad hoc html, thus allowing you to insert AdSense code directly. An example of using this module to display Google Ads is found at the top of this page
The second, and in my opinion the better way to display Google AdSense on your website is within the text of each content item that you publish. This gives a much better clik through rate, because ads are displayed surrounded by your text, making them more prominent, and less prone to being looked over.
The way to do this is to use a mambot which displays the Google AdSense code. A mambot / plugin is used to to trigger the rendering of AdSense code within the Joomla content. This means that you can decide exactly where in your content the ads will be displayed.
The mambot can be found here.Once again, using this mambot is quite easy. You install the mambot, enter the correct parameters, and publish the mambot. Once it has been published, you can use [mosgoogle] (replace the square brackets with curly brackets), and this will render the Google AdSense code. You can also choose whether to display to the left, center or right of the page. An example of usage of this mambot is found just about the previous paragraph.
Then use a channel to track your clicks, and watch your Click Through Rate soar
There are various modules which allow you to do this:
AdSense Module - ClickSafe Special Edition - this is the easiest, most popular and a very flexible way of inserting AdSense code into your website.
mod_html module - this is a module which allows you to insert ad hoc html, thus allowing you to insert AdSense code directly. An example of using this module to display Google Ads is found at the top of this page
The second, and in my opinion the better way to display Google AdSense on your website is within the text of each content item that you publish. This gives a much better clik through rate, because ads are displayed surrounded by your text, making them more prominent, and less prone to being looked over.
The way to do this is to use a mambot which displays the Google AdSense code. A mambot / plugin is used to to trigger the rendering of AdSense code within the Joomla content. This means that you can decide exactly where in your content the ads will be displayed.
The mambot can be found here.Once again, using this mambot is quite easy. You install the mambot, enter the correct parameters, and publish the mambot. Once it has been published, you can use [mosgoogle] (replace the square brackets with curly brackets), and this will render the Google AdSense code. You can also choose whether to display to the left, center or right of the page. An example of usage of this mambot is found just about the previous paragraph.
Then use a channel to track your clicks, and watch your Click Through Rate soar
IVR Service in Nepal
IVR technology was introduced to Nepal Telecom in 2004 for SLC Result Enquiry purchased from Alliance Info Tech India, with the unexpected huge popularity further expansion was urgently needed, and in successive year under the contract with M/S Pulse Software & Consulting Inc., Canada addition of IVR system was done.
Short for interactive voice response, a telephony technology in which someone uses a touch-tone telephone to interact with a database to acquire information from or enter data into the database not requiring human interaction over the telephone as the user's interaction with the database is predetermined by what the IVR system will allow the user access to. The Telephone user activates IVR System by dialing in a pre-assigned number; the call is routed to the computer system, which plays pre-recorded voice menu to the user. The user responses by selecting menu option using DTMF dial pad or answering with a simple voice response (Yes or No) or more detail response e.g name, city etc. if voice recognition system is supported. Upon the user response the computer analyzes and plays appropriate message to the user. Lastly the system may prompt for more response from the user or provide the requested information.
For example, call centers and maintenance control centers use IVR systems so that their customers can complain and query instantly and easily with interacting with the operators, similarly banks and credit card companies use IVR systems for their customers to receive up-to-date account information instantly and easily without having to speak directly to a person. IVR technology is also used to gather information, as in the case of telephone surveys in which the user is prompted to answer questions by pushing the numbers on a touch-tone telephone.
Nepal Telecom has implemented Automatic Telephone Complaint Handling Service (198) and Automatic Fault Retrieve and Down Handling Service (192), connecting to the existing SD database system by which a customer directly books his/her fault complains through IVR 198 service; Outside Technicians and Lineman can retrieve these fault complain and fault down the complained numbers through IVR 192 service. In other words IVR 192 Service will dispatch such complains booked by the customer to their corresponding Outside Team members. Both of these services do not require any human operator giving 7days, 24hours service.
Along with SLC Result Enquiry service from last year Class 11 and 12 Result Enquiry has also been put up, which is once a year but has been an attractive service with high potentiality.
Company has implemented PSTN Bill Enquiry Service (1606) using CLI Base (Calling Line identification) service through IVR connecting to CBS database system. By this service customer can find out details of Monthly Bill Amount and Pending Dues along with due date for payments. Recently introduced VOIP call Complain Service (188) so that our good will customers can complain for telephone numbers giving illegal services to incoming International calls.
Short for interactive voice response, a telephony technology in which someone uses a touch-tone telephone to interact with a database to acquire information from or enter data into the database not requiring human interaction over the telephone as the user's interaction with the database is predetermined by what the IVR system will allow the user access to. The Telephone user activates IVR System by dialing in a pre-assigned number; the call is routed to the computer system, which plays pre-recorded voice menu to the user. The user responses by selecting menu option using DTMF dial pad or answering with a simple voice response (Yes or No) or more detail response e.g name, city etc. if voice recognition system is supported. Upon the user response the computer analyzes and plays appropriate message to the user. Lastly the system may prompt for more response from the user or provide the requested information.
For example, call centers and maintenance control centers use IVR systems so that their customers can complain and query instantly and easily with interacting with the operators, similarly banks and credit card companies use IVR systems for their customers to receive up-to-date account information instantly and easily without having to speak directly to a person. IVR technology is also used to gather information, as in the case of telephone surveys in which the user is prompted to answer questions by pushing the numbers on a touch-tone telephone.
Nepal Telecom has implemented Automatic Telephone Complaint Handling Service (198) and Automatic Fault Retrieve and Down Handling Service (192), connecting to the existing SD database system by which a customer directly books his/her fault complains through IVR 198 service; Outside Technicians and Lineman can retrieve these fault complain and fault down the complained numbers through IVR 192 service. In other words IVR 192 Service will dispatch such complains booked by the customer to their corresponding Outside Team members. Both of these services do not require any human operator giving 7days, 24hours service.
Along with SLC Result Enquiry service from last year Class 11 and 12 Result Enquiry has also been put up, which is once a year but has been an attractive service with high potentiality.
Company has implemented PSTN Bill Enquiry Service (1606) using CLI Base (Calling Line identification) service through IVR connecting to CBS database system. By this service customer can find out details of Monthly Bill Amount and Pending Dues along with due date for payments. Recently introduced VOIP call Complain Service (188) so that our good will customers can complain for telephone numbers giving illegal services to incoming International calls.
NT ADSL Modem (CPE) Configuration (Nepal)
After Purchasing CPE (ADSL 2+ modem), Client are requested go through its manual thoroughly.
Browse the web management page of your ADSL modem. For example if your modem management interface IP Address is 192.168.1.1
Enter http://192.168.1.1/ in your web browser.
Provide admin username and password of your modem
(Note: customers are exteremly encouraged to go through their Modem/CPE manual to get information like IP address, Admin username and Password).
If you have problem with your ADSL login username and password, contact Internet Section, phone : 5545875,5545876
Generally, Modem/CPE can be used in Routing Mode or Bridge Mode.
1. Routing Mode
In this mode, modem/cpe dials with username and password provided by NT. You have to explicitly provide username and password to your modem configuration. In this mode same Modem/CPE can be used to share internet connection to multiple computers.
Configuration Parameters for Routing Mode
VPI --- 8
VCI --- 81
encapsulation --- PPPOE/LLC
Authentication --- CHAP
Username --- Provided by NT
Password --- Provided by NT
Providing these information should establish connection between CPE and DSLAM
Rx/Tx counters should start to increase
Note : One does not need to create a dial up or dail while using routing mode. Modem will dial itself.
2. Bridge Mode
In this mode your computer dials with username and password provided by NT. This mode is mainly used to connect internet for a single computer.
Configuration Parameters for Bridge Mode
Select Bridge Mode
Encapsulation --- LLC
VPI --- 8
VCI --- 81
Authentication --- CHAP
Configuration For XP
Go to network connection wizard window
Choose Make Internet dialup connection
Choose manual option
Choose xdsl PPPoe service
Provide service name
Username - provided by NT
Password - provided by NT
Now dial with the account created
You are now surfing NT High Speed Internet
For windows 2000 and Windows 98,
Please download & Install PPPoE Client Software
Attention (Very Important):
To check if your ADSL line is working, the ADSL led will first blink and then glow continuously after you connect your Modem/CPE to the phone line.
If there is no response showing (no continuous glow) in the ADSL Led of your Modem/CPE, Please contact the corresponding NT MDF (local exchange) to query if there is any problem in your ADSL line.
Contact Numbers and Exchages:Sundhara 4231000
Chabahil 4482300
Naxal 4430777
Patan 5534002
Chhauni 4280000
Goangabu 4350400
Hattigauda 4375000
Bhaktapur 6610600
Thimi 6630000
Balambu 4312100
Kritipur 4330380
Browse the web management page of your ADSL modem. For example if your modem management interface IP Address is 192.168.1.1
Enter http://192.168.1.1/ in your web browser.
Provide admin username and password of your modem
(Note: customers are exteremly encouraged to go through their Modem/CPE manual to get information like IP address, Admin username and Password).
If you have problem with your ADSL login username and password, contact Internet Section, phone : 5545875,5545876
Generally, Modem/CPE can be used in Routing Mode or Bridge Mode.
1. Routing Mode
In this mode, modem/cpe dials with username and password provided by NT. You have to explicitly provide username and password to your modem configuration. In this mode same Modem/CPE can be used to share internet connection to multiple computers.
Configuration Parameters for Routing Mode
VPI --- 8
VCI --- 81
encapsulation --- PPPOE/LLC
Authentication --- CHAP
Username --- Provided by NT
Password --- Provided by NT
Providing these information should establish connection between CPE and DSLAM
Rx/Tx counters should start to increase
Note : One does not need to create a dial up or dail while using routing mode. Modem will dial itself.
2. Bridge Mode
In this mode your computer dials with username and password provided by NT. This mode is mainly used to connect internet for a single computer.
Configuration Parameters for Bridge Mode
Select Bridge Mode
Encapsulation --- LLC
VPI --- 8
VCI --- 81
Authentication --- CHAP
Configuration For XP
Go to network connection wizard window
Choose Make Internet dialup connection
Choose manual option
Choose xdsl PPPoe service
Provide service name
Username - provided by NT
Password - provided by NT
Now dial with the account created
You are now surfing NT High Speed Internet
For windows 2000 and Windows 98,
Please download & Install PPPoE Client Software
Attention (Very Important):
To check if your ADSL line is working, the ADSL led will first blink and then glow continuously after you connect your Modem/CPE to the phone line.
If there is no response showing (no continuous glow) in the ADSL Led of your Modem/CPE, Please contact the corresponding NT MDF (local exchange) to query if there is any problem in your ADSL line.
Contact Numbers and Exchages:Sundhara 4231000
Chabahil 4482300
Naxal 4430777
Patan 5534002
Chhauni 4280000
Goangabu 4350400
Hattigauda 4375000
Bhaktapur 6610600
Thimi 6630000
Balambu 4312100
Kritipur 4330380
Connecting your PC to your TV-set
On this page I'll show you the possibilities on how to connect you PC to your TV-set.
There can be several reasons on why to connect a PC to a TV, but I think the most important one is to playback movies in either DivX, VCD, SVCD or DVD format on your PC and showing it on TV.
Naturally, you will need a videocard that supports TV-out.
At the moment of this writing, I only cover videocards by ATI and nVidia. This page you're looking at right now is a generic approach on how to connect the proper cables, and how to identify if your PC videocard supports TV-Out.
For specific software settings, see these pages: ATI cards and nVidia cards. I'm aware that there are more TV-Out enabled videcards, however I do not own them, so if you have one and are prepared to write a page on that particular card, then please let me know, it will be highly appreciated by other WeetHet visitors (mail me)!
Both brands offer high quality cards, but currently ATI is the runner up.
Note: for QUESTIONS visit our FORUM. Questions I receive by mail will most likely NOT or VERY LATE be answered!
Note: read the disclaimer.
Overview
Does my videocard support TV-Out?
Examples of connections
Connections found on your TV
- Antenna,
- SCART,
- Composite Video and
- S-VIDEO
PC Aansluiten op de TV
OK, so what do we need to connect your PC to a TV?
VIDEO CARD WITH TV-OUT (Video Out)
Naturally we do need some kind of connection on our PC to connect to the TV, we're looking for a TV-out connector. TV-Out only means: VIDEO out in such a sense that our TV could be able to handle it.
A lot of laptops do have a TV-Out as well.
Tip: When buying a laptop, make surte it has TV-Out. Laptops are portable and can therefor be placed next to your TV when you decide to watch a DivX movie!
Note: TV-Out only means that there is a Video signal comming from this pin, that can be connected to your TV. This is an entirely different signal than the signal needed for the antenna connector on your TV!
DOES MY PC HAVE A TV-OUT (Video Out)?
Commonly, you will be able to identify this by looking at the back of your PC, look for the VideoCard (your VGA monitor is also connected to this card!).
Most videocards by ATI and nVidia (but not all!) have such a connector. It's a MUST for a modern videocard.
Tip: Since price difference is minimal or even zero, make sure a videocard you want to buy has TV-Out. You might not use it right away, but it is damn handy later on. Adding one later is very difficult if not impossible!
S-Video (also known as Super Video or S-VHS)
Commonly, a TV-Out connector is a S-VIDEO connector. It looks a bit like a connector for your mouse/keyboard (see A and B in the pictures below). These come in several variants;
- with Video-IN and Video-Out signals in one connector
- using Composite video or Super Video
- only S-VIDEO
- only Composite video
Usually special cables come with these cards, that convert the connector to a more common connector, like a tulip connector for composite video.
Tip: When starting out, do your first attempts to connect the PC to a TV using the cables that came with the card!
Naturally, when you TV supports S-VIDEO, then please use a S-VIDEO cable to connect your PC to your TV as it will result in the best quality.
Composite Video
Some cards have a tulip connector (see C in the pictures below). This commonly is a Composite video signal, where color and synchronisation signals are mixed into 1 signal.
Combinations of S-VIDEO and composite video occure - although rarely - as well.
SOME EXMAMPLES
Below you'll see some pictures of TV-Out connectors.
TV-Out: S-VIDEO, als known as S-VHS or Super VideoTVOut S-VHS / S-Video - the more complex connectorTV-Out: Composite video
Some examples of VideoCards with TV-Out
PC's with an onboard videocard or laptops, can have TV-Out connectors as well.
In the pictures below you see images of a Shuttle SN41G2, a Sager laptop and a Toshiba laptop.
TV-Out: S-Video also known as S-VHSTV-Out: the more complex oneComposite video
Onboard videocards and laptops can have TV-Out as well
CONNCTORS ON YOUR TV-SET
TV-Out is all nice and dandy, but we do need a similar connector on the TV-Set, called TV-IN or Video-IN (also: AUX or EXTERN).
Do not forget that you will also need to connect your sound card to the TV for sound! We do need the LINE-OUT connector of the soundcard for this purpose.
Tip: if you TV is missing a suitable connector, then consider using your VCR instead if this one does have a suitable connector. Set you TV to the VCR channel en set your VCR to AUX or EXTERN.
These are the connectors you come across on your TV;
Antenna (you will need additional equipment for this!)
This round connector, usually on the back of yout TV, is intended for the antenna or cable. This is not directly suitable for use with your PC's TV-Out!
The antenna connector is not intended for Video-IN. However a RF modulator can help with this. It converts the Video/Audio signal to an antenna signal. It's basically the same "converter" that is installed in a VCR as well ...
RF modulator converts audio and video into RF (antenna) sigaal
The signals (video and audio) of your PC are connected to the RF-modulator using tulip connectors.
RF Modulator
Tip: Most RF modulators you can buy are MONO AUDIO, so make sure you're buying a STEREO version! Commonly you will find these RF-modulators (VHF) at satellite stores.
Antenna connectors (the most common ones) are these two;
Europeas connector
Commonly used in European TV equipment. One simply presses the connector on to the connector in the TV.
This connector is rarely found in the US.
Europeas antenna connector
American/US Connector
This connector is more common in the US. One "screws" the connector to the TV.
American antenna connector
SCART (you'll need to get a separate cable for that)
This rather weird connector is commonly used in European TV equipment like TV, VCD, DVD, etc. I haven't seen these much in the US.
Usually you'll find it at the backside of your equipment. The great thing about this sonnector is that it holds all connections you'll need - including audio.
SCART connector (male) SCART connector (female)
Downside is that you will need to build or buy a separate cable. Below you see the pinout of the SCART connector and how to connect it to a S-VIDEO or Composite Video tulip connector:PIN Signal Composite PC connector S-VIDEO PC connector
1 Audio OUT (right) - -
2 Audio IN (right) Line-out right soundcard Line-out right soundcard
3 Audio OUT (left or mono) - -
4 Shielding (audio) Line-out shielding soundcard (GND) Line-out shielding soundcard (GND)
5 Shielding (blue) - -
6 Audio IN (left or mono) Line-out left soundcard Line-out left soundcard
7 RGB Blue IN - -
8 Switch (Audio/RGB/16:9) - -
9 Shielding (green) - -
10 Clock out (clock pulse) - -
11 RGB Green IN - -
12 Data OUT - -
13 Shielding (red) - -
14 Data ground - -
15 RGB Red IN / Chrominance (C) - Chrominance videocard (pin 4)
16 Blanking signal - -
17 Shielding (Composite) - -
18 Blanking ground - -
19 Composite Video OUT - -
20 Composite Video IN / Luminance (Y) Composite video, videocard (pin 6) Luminance videocard (pin 3)
21 Ground Composite shielding videocard (pin 1) Shielding videocard (pin 1)
*Note: the pinmber between brachet, indicate the pins of a S-Video connector!
Note: We do need to connect Audio as well with this connector. Audio can be taken from "LINE-OUT" of the soundcard!
In the S-VIDEO section, you will find more info on the S-VIDEO connector.
Composite Video and Audio Left/Right in tulip-connectors
More recent TV's have separate tulips for audio and video input. Sometimes on the front, side or back of a TV or VCR. Connector Signal
1 - Red tulip Audio Right
2- White tulip Audio Left
3- Yellow ttulipulp Video IN
4- Black connector S-Video IN
Note: the core of the tulip connector is the signal. The silver ring around it is shielding.
Most video cards come with special cable to go from S-VIDEO to tulip. Some are simple (left) and some are very complex (right):
TV-Out cables: simple and complex
The cable on the right is for example for use with TV-IN enabed cards.
As you might have noticed: both the adpater cables, the videocard and the TV have FEMALE tulip connector and will not fit. You will need to get a cable with a male tulip connector on each end of the cable in order to connect these devices ....
S-Video
S-Video isn't used often in Europe. In the US it's a more common connector. The advantage is that this is a rather small cable. The downside is that it's not so very easy to insert the connector.
Here you see two variants of the S-VIDEO connector, the 4-pin and the 7-pin variant:
4-Pin variant
7-Pin variant
S-Video connector pinout (female)
Pin Signal
1 Ground
2 Ground
3 Luminance
4 Chrominance
5 -
6 Composite Video
7 Ground
Software
After connecting the hardware we do need to do some settings in the software of the PC.
Required settings for TV-Out are usually done using tools that come with the drivers of your videocard. As these are different for each manufacturer, we will discuss these on a different page.
ATI cards used to be mostly used in laptop, but now a days ATI is working on a strong come back in desktops as well - and in my option offer much more performance than their nVidia counter parts.
nVidia is commonly known for it's desktop graphics, but has entered the laptop market as well with their Geforce2Go and Geforce4Go. They're not bad, but I still prefer ATI.
Note: do not use the drivers for the desktop graphics cards on laptops. Rather use the drivers you can download from the manufacturers website of your laptop!
Currently we have these descriptions for videocard: Software settings for ATI cards and nVidia cards (Geforce/TNT).
There can be several reasons on why to connect a PC to a TV, but I think the most important one is to playback movies in either DivX, VCD, SVCD or DVD format on your PC and showing it on TV.
Naturally, you will need a videocard that supports TV-out.
At the moment of this writing, I only cover videocards by ATI and nVidia. This page you're looking at right now is a generic approach on how to connect the proper cables, and how to identify if your PC videocard supports TV-Out.
For specific software settings, see these pages: ATI cards and nVidia cards. I'm aware that there are more TV-Out enabled videcards, however I do not own them, so if you have one and are prepared to write a page on that particular card, then please let me know, it will be highly appreciated by other WeetHet visitors (mail me)!
Both brands offer high quality cards, but currently ATI is the runner up.
Note: for QUESTIONS visit our FORUM. Questions I receive by mail will most likely NOT or VERY LATE be answered!
Note: read the disclaimer.
Overview
Does my videocard support TV-Out?
Examples of connections
Connections found on your TV
- Antenna,
- SCART,
- Composite Video and
- S-VIDEO
PC Aansluiten op de TV
OK, so what do we need to connect your PC to a TV?
VIDEO CARD WITH TV-OUT (Video Out)
Naturally we do need some kind of connection on our PC to connect to the TV, we're looking for a TV-out connector. TV-Out only means: VIDEO out in such a sense that our TV could be able to handle it.
A lot of laptops do have a TV-Out as well.
Tip: When buying a laptop, make surte it has TV-Out. Laptops are portable and can therefor be placed next to your TV when you decide to watch a DivX movie!
Note: TV-Out only means that there is a Video signal comming from this pin, that can be connected to your TV. This is an entirely different signal than the signal needed for the antenna connector on your TV!
DOES MY PC HAVE A TV-OUT (Video Out)?
Commonly, you will be able to identify this by looking at the back of your PC, look for the VideoCard (your VGA monitor is also connected to this card!).
Most videocards by ATI and nVidia (but not all!) have such a connector. It's a MUST for a modern videocard.
Tip: Since price difference is minimal or even zero, make sure a videocard you want to buy has TV-Out. You might not use it right away, but it is damn handy later on. Adding one later is very difficult if not impossible!
S-Video (also known as Super Video or S-VHS)
Commonly, a TV-Out connector is a S-VIDEO connector. It looks a bit like a connector for your mouse/keyboard (see A and B in the pictures below). These come in several variants;
- with Video-IN and Video-Out signals in one connector
- using Composite video or Super Video
- only S-VIDEO
- only Composite video
Usually special cables come with these cards, that convert the connector to a more common connector, like a tulip connector for composite video.
Tip: When starting out, do your first attempts to connect the PC to a TV using the cables that came with the card!
Naturally, when you TV supports S-VIDEO, then please use a S-VIDEO cable to connect your PC to your TV as it will result in the best quality.
Composite Video
Some cards have a tulip connector (see C in the pictures below). This commonly is a Composite video signal, where color and synchronisation signals are mixed into 1 signal.
Combinations of S-VIDEO and composite video occure - although rarely - as well.
SOME EXMAMPLES
Below you'll see some pictures of TV-Out connectors.
TV-Out: S-VIDEO, als known as S-VHS or Super VideoTVOut S-VHS / S-Video - the more complex connectorTV-Out: Composite video
Some examples of VideoCards with TV-Out
PC's with an onboard videocard or laptops, can have TV-Out connectors as well.
In the pictures below you see images of a Shuttle SN41G2, a Sager laptop and a Toshiba laptop.
TV-Out: S-Video also known as S-VHSTV-Out: the more complex oneComposite video
Onboard videocards and laptops can have TV-Out as well
CONNCTORS ON YOUR TV-SET
TV-Out is all nice and dandy, but we do need a similar connector on the TV-Set, called TV-IN or Video-IN (also: AUX or EXTERN).
Do not forget that you will also need to connect your sound card to the TV for sound! We do need the LINE-OUT connector of the soundcard for this purpose.
Tip: if you TV is missing a suitable connector, then consider using your VCR instead if this one does have a suitable connector. Set you TV to the VCR channel en set your VCR to AUX or EXTERN.
These are the connectors you come across on your TV;
Antenna (you will need additional equipment for this!)
This round connector, usually on the back of yout TV, is intended for the antenna or cable. This is not directly suitable for use with your PC's TV-Out!
The antenna connector is not intended for Video-IN. However a RF modulator can help with this. It converts the Video/Audio signal to an antenna signal. It's basically the same "converter" that is installed in a VCR as well ...
RF modulator converts audio and video into RF (antenna) sigaal
The signals (video and audio) of your PC are connected to the RF-modulator using tulip connectors.
RF Modulator
Tip: Most RF modulators you can buy are MONO AUDIO, so make sure you're buying a STEREO version! Commonly you will find these RF-modulators (VHF) at satellite stores.
Antenna connectors (the most common ones) are these two;
Europeas connector
Commonly used in European TV equipment. One simply presses the connector on to the connector in the TV.
This connector is rarely found in the US.
Europeas antenna connector
American/US Connector
This connector is more common in the US. One "screws" the connector to the TV.
American antenna connector
SCART (you'll need to get a separate cable for that)
This rather weird connector is commonly used in European TV equipment like TV, VCD, DVD, etc. I haven't seen these much in the US.
Usually you'll find it at the backside of your equipment. The great thing about this sonnector is that it holds all connections you'll need - including audio.
SCART connector (male) SCART connector (female)
Downside is that you will need to build or buy a separate cable. Below you see the pinout of the SCART connector and how to connect it to a S-VIDEO or Composite Video tulip connector:PIN Signal Composite PC connector S-VIDEO PC connector
1 Audio OUT (right) - -
2 Audio IN (right) Line-out right soundcard Line-out right soundcard
3 Audio OUT (left or mono) - -
4 Shielding (audio) Line-out shielding soundcard (GND) Line-out shielding soundcard (GND)
5 Shielding (blue) - -
6 Audio IN (left or mono) Line-out left soundcard Line-out left soundcard
7 RGB Blue IN - -
8 Switch (Audio/RGB/16:9) - -
9 Shielding (green) - -
10 Clock out (clock pulse) - -
11 RGB Green IN - -
12 Data OUT - -
13 Shielding (red) - -
14 Data ground - -
15 RGB Red IN / Chrominance (C) - Chrominance videocard (pin 4)
16 Blanking signal - -
17 Shielding (Composite) - -
18 Blanking ground - -
19 Composite Video OUT - -
20 Composite Video IN / Luminance (Y) Composite video, videocard (pin 6) Luminance videocard (pin 3)
21 Ground Composite shielding videocard (pin 1) Shielding videocard (pin 1)
*Note: the pinmber between brachet, indicate the pins of a S-Video connector!
Note: We do need to connect Audio as well with this connector. Audio can be taken from "LINE-OUT" of the soundcard!
In the S-VIDEO section, you will find more info on the S-VIDEO connector.
Composite Video and Audio Left/Right in tulip-connectors
More recent TV's have separate tulips for audio and video input. Sometimes on the front, side or back of a TV or VCR. Connector Signal
1 - Red tulip Audio Right
2- White tulip Audio Left
3- Yellow ttulipulp Video IN
4- Black connector S-Video IN
Note: the core of the tulip connector is the signal. The silver ring around it is shielding.
Most video cards come with special cable to go from S-VIDEO to tulip. Some are simple (left) and some are very complex (right):
TV-Out cables: simple and complex
The cable on the right is for example for use with TV-IN enabed cards.
As you might have noticed: both the adpater cables, the videocard and the TV have FEMALE tulip connector and will not fit. You will need to get a cable with a male tulip connector on each end of the cable in order to connect these devices ....
S-Video
S-Video isn't used often in Europe. In the US it's a more common connector. The advantage is that this is a rather small cable. The downside is that it's not so very easy to insert the connector.
Here you see two variants of the S-VIDEO connector, the 4-pin and the 7-pin variant:
4-Pin variant
7-Pin variant
S-Video connector pinout (female)
Pin Signal
1 Ground
2 Ground
3 Luminance
4 Chrominance
5 -
6 Composite Video
7 Ground
Software
After connecting the hardware we do need to do some settings in the software of the PC.
Required settings for TV-Out are usually done using tools that come with the drivers of your videocard. As these are different for each manufacturer, we will discuss these on a different page.
ATI cards used to be mostly used in laptop, but now a days ATI is working on a strong come back in desktops as well - and in my option offer much more performance than their nVidia counter parts.
nVidia is commonly known for it's desktop graphics, but has entered the laptop market as well with their Geforce2Go and Geforce4Go. They're not bad, but I still prefer ATI.
Note: do not use the drivers for the desktop graphics cards on laptops. Rather use the drivers you can download from the manufacturers website of your laptop!
Currently we have these descriptions for videocard: Software settings for ATI cards and nVidia cards (Geforce/TNT).
SMSC numbers of operators worldwide
These numbers, the so called SMSC numbers, are used by your (GSM) mobile phone for sending SMS messages to other mobile devices.
Without this number you cannot send any SMS messages!
Note: the SMSC number is often only usable with a particular operator if you have a subscription with this operator.
Note: if you find yet another SMSC number which is not available in this list, then please mail me that number so I can add it.
OverviewCountry Operator SMSC number
Albania AMC +355-3820
Vodafone +355 69 2000 200
Andorra ?? +376-301004
Australia One.Tel +61-411990001
Vodafone +61-415011501
Telstra +61-418706700
Telstra +61-418706800
Telstra +61-418706900
Optus +61-412025989
Optus +61-411990000
Optus +61-411990001
Optus +61-411990003
Austria A1 +43-6640501
Connect ONE +43-6990001999
Max-Mobil +43-676021
Tele.ring +43-65009000000
Azerbaijan Azercell +994-509103300
Bakcell +994-557070707
Baharain Batelco +97392
Batelco +97394
Batelco +97396
Batelco +973973
Batelco +97398
Bangladesh GrameenPhone +88017099999
GrameenPhone +88017500569
Belgium Mobistar +32-95955205
Mobistar +32-495002530
Proximus +32-475161616
Orange +32-486000005
Bosnia and Herzegovina PTT GSM BIH +387-66125522
Botswana Mascom Wireless +267-71010024
Vista Cellular +267-72000003
Brunei Darussalam +673879500
Bulgaria MobilTel +35988000301
Canada Fido Canada +1-5149931123
Chile Entel PCS +56-98890005
China Telecom China +86-1390591500
Telecom China +86-13800100500
Croatia Cronet +385-980501
VIPNET +385-910401
Cyprus Cytamobile +35799700000
Czech Republic Eurotel +420-602909909
Radiomobil +420-603051
Denmark Sonofon +45-40590000
TeleDanmark +45-40390999
Telia +45-28187000
Mobilix +45-26265151
Free! +45 40590006
Egypt Click GSM +20105996500
Mobinil +20122000020
Estonia EMT +372-5099000
Ritabell +372-5509911
Radiolinja +372-568771010
Fiji ?? +679901400
Finland Radiolinja +358-508771010
Sonera +358-405202000
France SFR +33-609001390
Bouygues +33-660003000
Itineris +33-689004000
Itineris +33-689004431
Itineris +33-68900458
Germany D1 +49-1710760000
D1 +49-1715990000
D1 Talkline +49-1710760900
D2 +49-172227033
D2 +49-1722270000
D2 +49-1722270333
D2 Talkline +49-1722270258
Debitel +49-1722270222
IC3S +49-1722270201
Dr Materna +49-1722270111
E2 VIAG +49-1760000443
E-Plus +49-1770600000
E-Plus +49-1770610000
E-Plus +49-1770620000
Greece Panafon +30-94219000
Telestet +30-93599000
Telestet +30-93597000
Cosmote +30-97100000
Holland Libertel/Vodafone +31-6540881000
KPN Telecom +31-653131313
Telfort +31-626000230
BEN +31-624000000
Dutchtone +31628500561
TELE-2 +31640191919
KPN Telecom (Hi! PrePaid) +31-6-53131314
Hong Kong Hutchinson +852-94985795
HK Telecom +852-90288000
Smartone +852-90100000
Hungary Pannon +36-209300099
Westel900 +36-30-9888-000
Vodafone +36709996500
Iceland Landssimi Islands hf +354-8900100
Tal +354-6999099
India BPL Mobile +91-9821000005
MAXtouch +91-9820005446
Essar Cellphone +91-9811009998
Tata +919848001104
Command +919830099990
AirTel Delhi +91-98100-51914
Skycell Cellular +919840011003
Spice Karnataka +919844198441
Spicell +919831029222
Usha Martin Telekom ltd +919830099990
Indonesia Satelindo +62-81615
Satelindo +62 816 124
Satelindo +62 816 125
Satelindo +62 816 126
Satelindo +62 816 127
Satelindo +62 816 128
Telkomsel +62-81100000
Exelcomindo +62-818445009
Ireland Eircell +35387699989
Esat +353-868002000
Meteor +353-857000000
Isle of Man Pronto GSM +447624499955
Israel Orange +972-54-120032
Italy Omni +39-3492000200
Omni +39-3492000300
Omni +39-3492000400
Omni +39-3492000500
TIM +39-3359609600
TIM +39-3359608000
TIM +39-338960960
TIM +39-338980000
Wind +39-3205858500
Kenya Safaricom +25472500010
Kencell +254733000810
Kuwait MTC +96596000303
Al-Wataniya +9656373717
Kyrgyzstan Bitel GSM +996 502 58 88 00
Latvia LMT +371-9202020
Baltcom GSM +371 9599994
Lebanon FTML Cellis +61-3488888
Lithuania Bite GSM +370-9950115
Omnitel +370-9899992
Luxembourg PTT +352-021100003
Tango +352-091000030
Macau CTM +85366
CTM +85368
Macedonia MobiMak +389 70 000501
Malaysia ADAM +60-173600010
Celcom +60-193900000
Mutiara +60-162999000
Maxis +60-120000015
Malta Vodafone +356-941816
goMobile +35679700003
Mauritius EMTEL +230 7290999
cellplus +230 2500005
Mongolia MobiCom +97699000030
Montenegro Pro monte +38169200000
Monet +38167100100
Morocco Maroc Telecom +212 61 00 00 21
Maroc Telecom +212 61 00 00 22
Maroc Telecom +212 61 00 00 23
Meditel +2123992000
Namibia MTC +26481
New Zealand Vodafone +64-21600600
Norway NetCom +47-92001000
NetCom +47-9208977
TeleNor +47-90002100
TeleNor +47-90007777
Sense Mobil +47 90002100
Pakistan Mobilink +92300000042
Peru Claro +51197990000
Movistar +51195599000
Philippines Globe +63-91702
Globe +63-91703
Globe +63-91704
Globe +63-91709
Islacom +63-9150200003
Smart +63-9180000101
Poland Era GSM +48-602951111
Era GSM +48-602951112
Polkomtel +48-601000310
Polkomtel +48-601000311
IDEA Centertel +48-501200777
Portugal Telecel +351-911616161
TMN +351-936210000
OPTIMUS +35193121314
Qatar QATARNET +974 5589955
Reunion Reunion +33609001390
Romania Connex +40-92004000
Dialog +40-94946000
Russia North West Russia +7-8129600096
MTS +7-0957699100
BeeLine +7-90173100
Rwanda ?? +25008110333
Saudiarabia Sauditel +966 5 503 1999
Serbia MobTel +38163100100
MobTel +38163100200
MobTel +38163100300
MobTel +38163100400
MobTel +38163100300
PTT Telekom +381-650000900
PTT Telekom +381-640000900
Seychelles Airtel +248700000
Singapore Mobile One +65-96845999
Mobile One +65-96845997
SingTel +65-96400001
SingTel +65-96500001
SingTel +65-98189999
SingTel +65-96197777
Starhub +6598540020
Slovakia Eurotel +421-903333000
Globtel +421-905303303
Si.Mobil +386-40441000
Slovenia Mobitel +386-41001333
South Africa MTN +27-831000002
MTN (Prepaid) +27-831000113
Vodacom +27-829119
Vodacom +27-829129
Spain Telefonica MoviStar +34-609090909
Vodafone (Airtel) +34-607003110
Amena +34-656000311
Sweden Comviq +46-707990001
Comviq +46-707990002
Comviq +46-707990003
Comviq +46-707773078
Europolitan +46-708000708
Telia +46-705008999
Switzerland Swisscom +41-794999000
diAX +41-765980000
Orange +41-787777070
Taiwan Chung Wa Tele +886-932400821
Tanzania Tritel +255812904000
Thailand AIS Thailand +66-18110888
WP1800 +66-16110400
Turkey Turkcell +90-5329010000
Turkcell +90-5329020000
Turkcell +905329030000
Turkcell +90-5329040000
Telsim +90-5429800033
Ukraine UMC +38050000501
Kyivstar +380672021111
Golden Telecom +380444990000
Wellcome +38044 251 7777
United Arab Emirates UAE Etisalat +97150 6060000
United Kingdom Isle of Man Pronto GSM +447624499955
Vodafone +44-7785016005
CellNet +44-7802000332
Virgin Mobile +447958879890
Orange +44-7973100973
Orange +44-7973100974
One2One +44-7958879879
Guernsey Telecoms +44-4481/7781
Jersey +44-7781
USA Aerial Comms +1-8132630025
Aerial Comms +1-2812350025
VoiceStream +1-2063130004
Pacific Bell +1-2099042010
Pacific Bell +1-2099042020
Pacific Bell +1-2099042030
Powertel +1-3343338200
DigiPH PCS +1-3342090307
Omnipoint +1-9179070004
Sprint +1-7044100000
Washington PCS +1-410258953
Venezuela Digitel +58-12-8000000
Vietnam Mobilfone +84 90700000
Vinaphone +84 91020005
Vinaphone +84 91020010
Yugolsavia MobTel +381-63-100400
MobTel +381-63100300
MobTel +381-63100200
MobTel +381-63100100
MobTel +381-6310030034
MobTel +381-6310040034
PTT Telekom Serbia +381-650000900
Zimbabwe Econet Wireless +263-91010030
Net*One +26311191201
Without this number you cannot send any SMS messages!
Note: the SMSC number is often only usable with a particular operator if you have a subscription with this operator.
Note: if you find yet another SMSC number which is not available in this list, then please mail me that number so I can add it.
OverviewCountry Operator SMSC number
Albania AMC +355-3820
Vodafone +355 69 2000 200
Andorra ?? +376-301004
Australia One.Tel +61-411990001
Vodafone +61-415011501
Telstra +61-418706700
Telstra +61-418706800
Telstra +61-418706900
Optus +61-412025989
Optus +61-411990000
Optus +61-411990001
Optus +61-411990003
Austria A1 +43-6640501
Connect ONE +43-6990001999
Max-Mobil +43-676021
Tele.ring +43-65009000000
Azerbaijan Azercell +994-509103300
Bakcell +994-557070707
Baharain Batelco +97392
Batelco +97394
Batelco +97396
Batelco +973973
Batelco +97398
Bangladesh GrameenPhone +88017099999
GrameenPhone +88017500569
Belgium Mobistar +32-95955205
Mobistar +32-495002530
Proximus +32-475161616
Orange +32-486000005
Bosnia and Herzegovina PTT GSM BIH +387-66125522
Botswana Mascom Wireless +267-71010024
Vista Cellular +267-72000003
Brunei Darussalam +673879500
Bulgaria MobilTel +35988000301
Canada Fido Canada +1-5149931123
Chile Entel PCS +56-98890005
China Telecom China +86-1390591500
Telecom China +86-13800100500
Croatia Cronet +385-980501
VIPNET +385-910401
Cyprus Cytamobile +35799700000
Czech Republic Eurotel +420-602909909
Radiomobil +420-603051
Denmark Sonofon +45-40590000
TeleDanmark +45-40390999
Telia +45-28187000
Mobilix +45-26265151
Free! +45 40590006
Egypt Click GSM +20105996500
Mobinil +20122000020
Estonia EMT +372-5099000
Ritabell +372-5509911
Radiolinja +372-568771010
Fiji ?? +679901400
Finland Radiolinja +358-508771010
Sonera +358-405202000
France SFR +33-609001390
Bouygues +33-660003000
Itineris +33-689004000
Itineris +33-689004431
Itineris +33-68900458
Germany D1 +49-1710760000
D1 +49-1715990000
D1 Talkline +49-1710760900
D2 +49-172227033
D2 +49-1722270000
D2 +49-1722270333
D2 Talkline +49-1722270258
Debitel +49-1722270222
IC3S +49-1722270201
Dr Materna +49-1722270111
E2 VIAG +49-1760000443
E-Plus +49-1770600000
E-Plus +49-1770610000
E-Plus +49-1770620000
Greece Panafon +30-94219000
Telestet +30-93599000
Telestet +30-93597000
Cosmote +30-97100000
Holland Libertel/Vodafone +31-6540881000
KPN Telecom +31-653131313
Telfort +31-626000230
BEN +31-624000000
Dutchtone +31628500561
TELE-2 +31640191919
KPN Telecom (Hi! PrePaid) +31-6-53131314
Hong Kong Hutchinson +852-94985795
HK Telecom +852-90288000
Smartone +852-90100000
Hungary Pannon +36-209300099
Westel900 +36-30-9888-000
Vodafone +36709996500
Iceland Landssimi Islands hf +354-8900100
Tal +354-6999099
India BPL Mobile +91-9821000005
MAXtouch +91-9820005446
Essar Cellphone +91-9811009998
Tata +919848001104
Command +919830099990
AirTel Delhi +91-98100-51914
Skycell Cellular +919840011003
Spice Karnataka +919844198441
Spicell +919831029222
Usha Martin Telekom ltd +919830099990
Indonesia Satelindo +62-81615
Satelindo +62 816 124
Satelindo +62 816 125
Satelindo +62 816 126
Satelindo +62 816 127
Satelindo +62 816 128
Telkomsel +62-81100000
Exelcomindo +62-818445009
Ireland Eircell +35387699989
Esat +353-868002000
Meteor +353-857000000
Isle of Man Pronto GSM +447624499955
Israel Orange +972-54-120032
Italy Omni +39-3492000200
Omni +39-3492000300
Omni +39-3492000400
Omni +39-3492000500
TIM +39-3359609600
TIM +39-3359608000
TIM +39-338960960
TIM +39-338980000
Wind +39-3205858500
Kenya Safaricom +25472500010
Kencell +254733000810
Kuwait MTC +96596000303
Al-Wataniya +9656373717
Kyrgyzstan Bitel GSM +996 502 58 88 00
Latvia LMT +371-9202020
Baltcom GSM +371 9599994
Lebanon FTML Cellis +61-3488888
Lithuania Bite GSM +370-9950115
Omnitel +370-9899992
Luxembourg PTT +352-021100003
Tango +352-091000030
Macau CTM +85366
CTM +85368
Macedonia MobiMak +389 70 000501
Malaysia ADAM +60-173600010
Celcom +60-193900000
Mutiara +60-162999000
Maxis +60-120000015
Malta Vodafone +356-941816
goMobile +35679700003
Mauritius EMTEL +230 7290999
cellplus +230 2500005
Mongolia MobiCom +97699000030
Montenegro Pro monte +38169200000
Monet +38167100100
Morocco Maroc Telecom +212 61 00 00 21
Maroc Telecom +212 61 00 00 22
Maroc Telecom +212 61 00 00 23
Meditel +2123992000
Namibia MTC +26481
New Zealand Vodafone +64-21600600
Norway NetCom +47-92001000
NetCom +47-9208977
TeleNor +47-90002100
TeleNor +47-90007777
Sense Mobil +47 90002100
Pakistan Mobilink +92300000042
Peru Claro +51197990000
Movistar +51195599000
Philippines Globe +63-91702
Globe +63-91703
Globe +63-91704
Globe +63-91709
Islacom +63-9150200003
Smart +63-9180000101
Poland Era GSM +48-602951111
Era GSM +48-602951112
Polkomtel +48-601000310
Polkomtel +48-601000311
IDEA Centertel +48-501200777
Portugal Telecel +351-911616161
TMN +351-936210000
OPTIMUS +35193121314
Qatar QATARNET +974 5589955
Reunion Reunion +33609001390
Romania Connex +40-92004000
Dialog +40-94946000
Russia North West Russia +7-8129600096
MTS +7-0957699100
BeeLine +7-90173100
Rwanda ?? +25008110333
Saudiarabia Sauditel +966 5 503 1999
Serbia MobTel +38163100100
MobTel +38163100200
MobTel +38163100300
MobTel +38163100400
MobTel +38163100300
PTT Telekom +381-650000900
PTT Telekom +381-640000900
Seychelles Airtel +248700000
Singapore Mobile One +65-96845999
Mobile One +65-96845997
SingTel +65-96400001
SingTel +65-96500001
SingTel +65-98189999
SingTel +65-96197777
Starhub +6598540020
Slovakia Eurotel +421-903333000
Globtel +421-905303303
Si.Mobil +386-40441000
Slovenia Mobitel +386-41001333
South Africa MTN +27-831000002
MTN (Prepaid) +27-831000113
Vodacom +27-829119
Vodacom +27-829129
Spain Telefonica MoviStar +34-609090909
Vodafone (Airtel) +34-607003110
Amena +34-656000311
Sweden Comviq +46-707990001
Comviq +46-707990002
Comviq +46-707990003
Comviq +46-707773078
Europolitan +46-708000708
Telia +46-705008999
Switzerland Swisscom +41-794999000
diAX +41-765980000
Orange +41-787777070
Taiwan Chung Wa Tele +886-932400821
Tanzania Tritel +255812904000
Thailand AIS Thailand +66-18110888
WP1800 +66-16110400
Turkey Turkcell +90-5329010000
Turkcell +90-5329020000
Turkcell +905329030000
Turkcell +90-5329040000
Telsim +90-5429800033
Ukraine UMC +38050000501
Kyivstar +380672021111
Golden Telecom +380444990000
Wellcome +38044 251 7777
United Arab Emirates UAE Etisalat +97150 6060000
United Kingdom Isle of Man Pronto GSM +447624499955
Vodafone +44-7785016005
CellNet +44-7802000332
Virgin Mobile +447958879890
Orange +44-7973100973
Orange +44-7973100974
One2One +44-7958879879
Guernsey Telecoms +44-4481/7781
Jersey +44-7781
USA Aerial Comms +1-8132630025
Aerial Comms +1-2812350025
VoiceStream +1-2063130004
Pacific Bell +1-2099042010
Pacific Bell +1-2099042020
Pacific Bell +1-2099042030
Powertel +1-3343338200
DigiPH PCS +1-3342090307
Omnipoint +1-9179070004
Sprint +1-7044100000
Washington PCS +1-410258953
Venezuela Digitel +58-12-8000000
Vietnam Mobilfone +84 90700000
Vinaphone +84 91020005
Vinaphone +84 91020010
Yugolsavia MobTel +381-63-100400
MobTel +381-63100300
MobTel +381-63100200
MobTel +381-63100100
MobTel +381-6310030034
MobTel +381-6310040034
PTT Telekom Serbia +381-650000900
Zimbabwe Econet Wireless +263-91010030
Net*One +26311191201
How to boot from a USB Flash drive
USB - Universal Serial Bus - is a standard for connecting additional equipment to your computer, like printers, scanners, webcam's, digital camera's, keyboards, mouse, harddisks, etc. For more details, please read this article. One of these devices is the Thumbdrive, keychange disk, USB pen, etc however you want to call them. We'd like to use one of those to boot our PC from.
Meer en meer PC's staan het toe van een dergelijke thumbdrive te starten. Maar helemaal vlekkeloss en eenvoudig is dit niet. In dit artikel focussen we dus op een dergelijke thumbdrive. We willen deze drive voorbereiden vanuit iedere gewenste Windows versie (Ik deed het met Windows XP), d.m.v. MKBT.
Tip: niet alle PC's zijn instaat van een USB disk te starten. Kijk of jouw PC dit kan door te kijken welke BIOS instellingen beschikbaar zijn. Update eventueel de BIOS van je PC.
Note: helpful resources can be found here: BootDisk.info, Nu2 (Bart's bootable Windows XP), and How to make a USB bootable FlashDrive with/for Linux.
Note: Read the disclaimer first!
Step 1: Getting some bootsectors
To be able to boot rom a device we need so called bootsectors.
The simple explanation is this: When the PC starts, the BIOS will scan the indicated storage devices and look for these bootsectors. They contain information for the BIOS to be able to start from this device. Bootsectors can be found on all bootable media (harddisk, floopy disk, CDRom, etc).
Option 1 - Using a floppy disk formatted in Windows
Before we can make a USB device bootable (specifically refering to USB thumbdrives!), we do need to get our hands on a bootable floppy. In all current Windows versions (including Windows 2000 and XP) we can do that by formatting a floppy disk.
Open the Windows Explorer and right click the A: drive.
Choose "Format..." from the upcoming popup menu.
A window appears with some option: Check the option "Create an MS-DOS startup disk".
Verify if Windows is indeed formatting the right drive! Usually it should show "Format 3½ Floppy (A:)".
Once you're sure about the drive, click the "Start" button - Windows will now format the disk and make it bootable.
Windows - Creating a bootable floppy
After creating this bootable floppy, we will now extract the bootsectors from this floppy using Bart's MKBT.
Open a DOS Window and go to the directory where you extracted MKBT.
Type mkbt -c a: bootsect.bin as shown below (yellow text).C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>mkbt -c a: bootsect.bin
* Copy bootsector mode (-c)
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>
Note: Here "a:" represents the drive that holds the newly made bootable floppy!
Once the command prompt returns, you will have a bootsector stored in the file "bootsect.bin".
Do not close this DOS window yet, we will need it again in step 3!
Option 2 - Using images of bootable floppies
On the Internet you can find a lot of bootable disks. Take a look at the BootCD.info website.
You will find plenty of floppy disk images and tools to write these images to floppy disk.
Most of these disks are specialized, for example direct network access, packed with handy tools, etc.
Follow the instructions there on how to make a bootable floppy.
One of the best network enabled bootdisks is "Bart's Network Boot Disk".
I highly recommend this disk for the advanced user!
Tip: Some .BAT files refer to the A: drive directly - this CAN cause problems during boot!
Step 2: Preparing the Thumbdrive
Format the tumbdrive in the same format you formatted the floppy disk (which is FAT!).
So if you used the option where we created a bootable floppy in Windows, the format the thumbdrive using FAT or FAT16.
You can try NTFS or FAT32, but I have to say that both faioled on the thumbdrives I tried.
Right click the drive letter of the thumbdrive and select the option "Format...".
Select the proper format (FAT) and click "Start".
Step 3: Copy the bootsectors to the ThumbDrive
Thanks to MKBT by Bart (visit his website for more fun tools!) we can now easily copy the bootsectors onto the USB thumbdrive.
Download the file either from his website (to get the most recent version, or to take a look at his other cool tools) or download version 2.0 from our website (see our downloads page).
Open a DOS Window and go to the directory where you extracted MKBT (if you haven't done so in step 1, or in case you closed the DOS window in step 1).
Type mkbt -x bootsect.bin G: as shown below (yellow text). Make SURE that you set the right drive letter here!
"G:" represents the thumbdrive! So if your thumbdrive has another drive letter, then change the "G" accordingly!C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>mkbt -x bootsect.bin g:
* Expert mode (-x)
* Warning different filesystem ID
Size=0bytes OEM="(=_[sIHC" VolLabel="NO NAME" FileSys=""
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>
!! AGAIN: MAKE SURE YOU SELECT THE RIGHT DRIVE LETTER !!
Here "G:" represents the thumbdrive!
Once the command prompt returns, you will have a bootsector on your thumbdrive.
Step 4: Copy files to the thumbdrive
Once the drive is bootable, it would be nice to have some essential files on it, for the computer to make sense.
Copy all the files of the A: drive (from Step 1, either option 1 or 2) to the thumbdrive.
Naturally the boot floppy used to extract the bootsectors from should be in that A: drive.
Tip: if the boot floppy has a *.BAT or a CONFIG.SYS file, you might want to check if it uses absolute paths (ie. A:\...) or relative paths (ie. \...). Any reference directly to the A: drive might cause issues during boot!
Step 5: Restart and go into the BIOS
Now shutdown/restart your PC and go into the BIOS.
Entering the BIOS is commonly done by pressing the "Del" button on your keyboard.
Tip: Alternatives are "F1", "F2", "Insert", and "F10". Your PC's BIOS might even require a different key to be pressed. Commonly a PC will show a message like "Press [Del] to enter Setup" to indicate that you need to press the "Del" key.
Watch the boot screen carefully. Usually the BIOS shows you which key to press. Or refer the manual of the mainboard/PC.
Note: Some laptops allow you to set the boot devices using a Windows application. Toshiba for example does this with some of their laptops. The application is either a standalone application or a applet in the Control Panel.
Step 6: BIOS settings
Depending on the BIOS of your computer, you can set the USB stick as a boot device.
If your PC's BIOS does not seem to support this, check if there is an update for the available BIOS!
Your milage may vary :-)
For some reason most BIOS'es prefer to refer to the thumbdrive as a USB Removable Floppy Disk or USB Zip Disk.
Please email me settings if you found settings that work for a particular BIOS.
Please DO NOT send me questions. Please ask them in the FORUM so others can read the replies as well.
Tip: Some AMI BIOSes require you to enable the option "USB Keyboard Legacy support"!
For example: the Asus A7N8X-E Deluxe - with thanks for the tip to Fernando from Spain!
Generic approach
If your BIOS is not in the list below, or the settings do not seem to work with your PC, then do this:
- Go into the BIOS
- Go to the page that determines the boot order (usually called "Advanced Setup", "Boot options", or "Feature Setup")
- Try all USB drive variants. Start with "USB ZIP", then "USB FDD", "USB HDD ", etc.
- To speed up the testing, DISABLE ALL other boot devices. This goes for the 2nd, 3rd etc, but also for so called "Alternative boot devices".
AMI BIOS
Depending on the version of your AMI-BIOS (enter using the "Del" button):
Option 1;
This refers to an AMI-BIOS I found on my own spare computer.
AMI refers to it as "AMIBIOS SIMPLE SETYP UTILITY - VERSION 1.21.12".
(version number may vary)
Go to "Feature Setup".
"Enable" these options: "USB Function Support", "USB Function For DOS" and "ThumbDrive for DOS".
Go to "Advanced Setup".
Set the "1st Boot Device" to "USB RMD-FDD".
Reboot the PC and it now should boot from the Thumbdrive.
Option 2;
Settings I found on a German website (www.chip.de).
Go to "USB Mass Storage Device Configuration".
Select "Emulation Type" and set it to "Harddisk".
Go to the "Boot Menu" and set the "1st boot device" to "USB-Stick".
No you can exit the BIOS, saving the changes. If this does not seem to work, then you can try (it sometimes seems to work) setting the "Emulation Type" value to "Floppy" or "Forced FDD".
PHOENIX/AWARD BIOS
On my Shuttle XPC (SN85G4), the Phoenix/Award BIOS:
Go to "Advanced BIOS Features".
Go to the "1st Boot device" and set it to "USB-ZIP".
Tip from Daniel Butler: I have a Phoenix BIOS, Revision 6. After a lot of frustration, I found that you need to go to the Boot Order screen and select "Harddisk" and hit enter, giving you a list of IDE hard drives - for some reason, this BIOS prefers to call a USB device an IDE harddrive...but whatever. :)
And that's all. Reboot the PC (Exit the BIOS saving the changes) and see if it wants to boot from the thumbdrive.
Of the 5 PC's I tried, 4 where succesfull.
Meer en meer PC's staan het toe van een dergelijke thumbdrive te starten. Maar helemaal vlekkeloss en eenvoudig is dit niet. In dit artikel focussen we dus op een dergelijke thumbdrive. We willen deze drive voorbereiden vanuit iedere gewenste Windows versie (Ik deed het met Windows XP), d.m.v. MKBT.
Tip: niet alle PC's zijn instaat van een USB disk te starten. Kijk of jouw PC dit kan door te kijken welke BIOS instellingen beschikbaar zijn. Update eventueel de BIOS van je PC.
Note: helpful resources can be found here: BootDisk.info, Nu2 (Bart's bootable Windows XP), and How to make a USB bootable FlashDrive with/for Linux.
Note: Read the disclaimer first!
Step 1: Getting some bootsectors
To be able to boot rom a device we need so called bootsectors.
The simple explanation is this: When the PC starts, the BIOS will scan the indicated storage devices and look for these bootsectors. They contain information for the BIOS to be able to start from this device. Bootsectors can be found on all bootable media (harddisk, floopy disk, CDRom, etc).
Option 1 - Using a floppy disk formatted in Windows
Before we can make a USB device bootable (specifically refering to USB thumbdrives!), we do need to get our hands on a bootable floppy. In all current Windows versions (including Windows 2000 and XP) we can do that by formatting a floppy disk.
Open the Windows Explorer and right click the A: drive.
Choose "Format..." from the upcoming popup menu.
A window appears with some option: Check the option "Create an MS-DOS startup disk".
Verify if Windows is indeed formatting the right drive! Usually it should show "Format 3½ Floppy (A:)".
Once you're sure about the drive, click the "Start" button - Windows will now format the disk and make it bootable.
Windows - Creating a bootable floppy
After creating this bootable floppy, we will now extract the bootsectors from this floppy using Bart's MKBT.
Open a DOS Window and go to the directory where you extracted MKBT.
Type mkbt -c a: bootsect.bin as shown below (yellow text).C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>mkbt -c a: bootsect.bin
* Copy bootsector mode (-c)
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>
Note: Here "a:" represents the drive that holds the newly made bootable floppy!
Once the command prompt returns, you will have a bootsector stored in the file "bootsect.bin".
Do not close this DOS window yet, we will need it again in step 3!
Option 2 - Using images of bootable floppies
On the Internet you can find a lot of bootable disks. Take a look at the BootCD.info website.
You will find plenty of floppy disk images and tools to write these images to floppy disk.
Most of these disks are specialized, for example direct network access, packed with handy tools, etc.
Follow the instructions there on how to make a bootable floppy.
One of the best network enabled bootdisks is "Bart's Network Boot Disk".
I highly recommend this disk for the advanced user!
Tip: Some .BAT files refer to the A: drive directly - this CAN cause problems during boot!
Step 2: Preparing the Thumbdrive
Format the tumbdrive in the same format you formatted the floppy disk (which is FAT!).
So if you used the option where we created a bootable floppy in Windows, the format the thumbdrive using FAT or FAT16.
You can try NTFS or FAT32, but I have to say that both faioled on the thumbdrives I tried.
Right click the drive letter of the thumbdrive and select the option "Format...".
Select the proper format (FAT) and click "Start".
Step 3: Copy the bootsectors to the ThumbDrive
Thanks to MKBT by Bart (visit his website for more fun tools!) we can now easily copy the bootsectors onto the USB thumbdrive.
Download the file either from his website (to get the most recent version, or to take a look at his other cool tools) or download version 2.0 from our website (see our downloads page).
Open a DOS Window and go to the directory where you extracted MKBT (if you haven't done so in step 1, or in case you closed the DOS window in step 1).
Type mkbt -x bootsect.bin G: as shown below (yellow text). Make SURE that you set the right drive letter here!
"G:" represents the thumbdrive! So if your thumbdrive has another drive letter, then change the "G" accordingly!C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>mkbt -x bootsect.bin g:
* Expert mode (-x)
* Warning different filesystem ID
Size=0bytes OEM="(=_[sIHC" VolLabel="NO NAME" FileSys=""
D:\Downloads\mkbt20>
!! AGAIN: MAKE SURE YOU SELECT THE RIGHT DRIVE LETTER !!
Here "G:" represents the thumbdrive!
Once the command prompt returns, you will have a bootsector on your thumbdrive.
Step 4: Copy files to the thumbdrive
Once the drive is bootable, it would be nice to have some essential files on it, for the computer to make sense.
Copy all the files of the A: drive (from Step 1, either option 1 or 2) to the thumbdrive.
Naturally the boot floppy used to extract the bootsectors from should be in that A: drive.
Tip: if the boot floppy has a *.BAT or a CONFIG.SYS file, you might want to check if it uses absolute paths (ie. A:\...) or relative paths (ie. \...). Any reference directly to the A: drive might cause issues during boot!
Step 5: Restart and go into the BIOS
Now shutdown/restart your PC and go into the BIOS.
Entering the BIOS is commonly done by pressing the "Del" button on your keyboard.
Tip: Alternatives are "F1", "F2", "Insert", and "F10". Your PC's BIOS might even require a different key to be pressed. Commonly a PC will show a message like "Press [Del] to enter Setup" to indicate that you need to press the "Del" key.
Watch the boot screen carefully. Usually the BIOS shows you which key to press. Or refer the manual of the mainboard/PC.
Note: Some laptops allow you to set the boot devices using a Windows application. Toshiba for example does this with some of their laptops. The application is either a standalone application or a applet in the Control Panel.
Step 6: BIOS settings
Depending on the BIOS of your computer, you can set the USB stick as a boot device.
If your PC's BIOS does not seem to support this, check if there is an update for the available BIOS!
Your milage may vary :-)
For some reason most BIOS'es prefer to refer to the thumbdrive as a USB Removable Floppy Disk or USB Zip Disk.
Please email me settings if you found settings that work for a particular BIOS.
Please DO NOT send me questions. Please ask them in the FORUM so others can read the replies as well.
Tip: Some AMI BIOSes require you to enable the option "USB Keyboard Legacy support"!
For example: the Asus A7N8X-E Deluxe - with thanks for the tip to Fernando from Spain!
Generic approach
If your BIOS is not in the list below, or the settings do not seem to work with your PC, then do this:
- Go into the BIOS
- Go to the page that determines the boot order (usually called "Advanced Setup", "Boot options", or "Feature Setup")
- Try all USB drive variants. Start with "USB ZIP", then "USB FDD", "USB HDD ", etc.
- To speed up the testing, DISABLE ALL other boot devices. This goes for the 2nd, 3rd etc, but also for so called "Alternative boot devices".
AMI BIOS
Depending on the version of your AMI-BIOS (enter using the "Del" button):
Option 1;
This refers to an AMI-BIOS I found on my own spare computer.
AMI refers to it as "AMIBIOS SIMPLE SETYP UTILITY - VERSION 1.21.12".
(version number may vary)
Go to "Feature Setup".
"Enable" these options: "USB Function Support", "USB Function For DOS" and "ThumbDrive for DOS".
Go to "Advanced Setup".
Set the "1st Boot Device" to "USB RMD-FDD".
Reboot the PC and it now should boot from the Thumbdrive.
Option 2;
Settings I found on a German website (www.chip.de).
Go to "USB Mass Storage Device Configuration".
Select "Emulation Type" and set it to "Harddisk".
Go to the "Boot Menu" and set the "1st boot device" to "USB-Stick".
No you can exit the BIOS, saving the changes. If this does not seem to work, then you can try (it sometimes seems to work) setting the "Emulation Type" value to "Floppy" or "Forced FDD".
PHOENIX/AWARD BIOS
On my Shuttle XPC (SN85G4), the Phoenix/Award BIOS:
Go to "Advanced BIOS Features".
Go to the "1st Boot device" and set it to "USB-ZIP".
Tip from Daniel Butler: I have a Phoenix BIOS, Revision 6. After a lot of frustration, I found that you need to go to the Boot Order screen and select "Harddisk" and hit enter, giving you a list of IDE hard drives - for some reason, this BIOS prefers to call a USB device an IDE harddrive...but whatever. :)
And that's all. Reboot the PC (Exit the BIOS saving the changes) and see if it wants to boot from the thumbdrive.
Of the 5 PC's I tried, 4 where succesfull.
How to share you MXStream/ADSL internet connection
This article shows you a few variants that are possible to share the MXStream/ADSL connection with several computers.
I used the KPN MXStream-Basic ADSL variant. Other ADSL connections might work in a similar fashion.
I assume you already connected ADSL/MXStream, if not .
here is how to connect the PSTN (analog) version,
and here is how to connect the ISDN version.
Note: if you do not wish to purchase WinRoute and/or your server PC is a really old one (i.e. 386 etc.) then you might consider the one floppy-server-router linux distribution called FloppyFW for MXStream. The server does not even need a harddisk and it's FREE!
Note: In case you're not useing a router (either in software or hardware), you will NOT be able to connect a maximum of 1 PC at a time to MXStream.
Overview
There are 4 basic variants possible for sharing a connection that is Ethernet based (like ADSL):
All PC's and the ADSL connection to hub or switch
All PC's and the ADSL connection to hub or switch with a server
All PC's to hub or switch, 1 PC (server) has the ADSL connection
Using an (ADSL) router
For configuring WinRoute please read the ADSL/MXStream - WinRoute configuration page.
For an example of a router configuration, see MXStream - Configuring the Vigor 2200e router.
After hacking the Alcatel modem (Ethernet version only), the modem becomes a router!
Variant 1: Everything hooked to a Hub or SwitchPro's
- simple setup
- no server needed
- configure each PC manually
- only one PC at a time can be connected to MXStream
Con's - max. 4 PC's
- fixed IP-address for all 4 PC's
- Dial-in required per PC
- no proxy
- hub ports = number of PC's + 1
Here we connect all Ethernet cables (PC and ADSL) to a hub or switch. The hub or switch can be any model UTP based HUB preferably with a uplink/MDI crossed connector. You will need the uplink connector to connect the ADSL connector. If your hub does not come with such a connector, you should buy a UTP crossed network cable and use that instead. Your hub should have at least the amount op PC's plus 1 (ADSL) UTP ports.
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the uplink UTP connector of your hub, or - using a UTP crossed cable - to a regular UTP connector.
Each PC is connected to a regular UTP port of the hub/switch.
Each PC (maximum of 4!) should be configured as a ADSL client as described by your provider (see the KPN MXStream manual for details). Each PC should have an unique IP-address!
Variant 2: Everything to the Hub or Switch - 1 PC is serverPro's
- simple setup
- no manual PC configuration
- almost no limit to the number of PC's (255)
- dialup is done automatically
- proxy (WinRoute)
Con's - server software or Microsoft Internet Sharing required
- configuring server can be difficult
- no "galvanic" separation between Internet and LAN
- hub ports = number PC's + 1
This setup is similar to variant 1 with one difference: we have a server running which enables us to use a different IP-range for PC's.
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the uplink UTP connector of your hub, or - using a UTP crossed cable - to a regular UTP connector.
Each PC is connected to a regular UTP port of the hub/switch.
One of the PC's is to be configured as server either using software like WinRoute or Microsoft Internet Sharing (Windows 2000 and Windows ME have this standard included).
For configuring WinRoute please read the ADSL/MXStream - WinRoute configuration page.
Variant 3: All PC's to a Hub of Switch - Server to ADSLPro's
- simple setup
- no manual configuration of PC's
- almost unlimited number of PC's (255)
- dialup done automatically
- "galvanic" separation of Internet and LAN
- no uplink or crossed UTP cable required
- hub ports = number PC's
- proxy (WinRoute)
Con's - server software or Microsoft Internet Sharing required
- configuring server can be difficult
- server needs additional network-card
Similar to variant 1 and variant 2 with the exception that the ADSL cable is connected to a server directly and from that server an second network connection is connected to the hub or switch. There are no limitations to the switch or hub used, this can even be a coax network if you would like so (this requires NO hub).
The ADSL network cable is connected to the server, which has 2 network-cards:
- ADSL connection
- LAN/hub connection
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the server.
The second network-card of the server is connected to the hub.
Each PC is connected to a regular UTP port of the hub/switch.
One of the PC's is to be configured as server either using software like WinRoute or Microsoft Internet Sharing (Windows 2000 and Windows ME have this standard included).
For configuring WinRoute please read the ADSL/MXStream - WinRoute configuration page.
Note: topology for using coax (BNC) will look like this;
A BNC/Coax connection is setup as shown below, note that a terminator has to be connected to both ends of the "line". In the example above, a terminator is required on the T-Piece of PC1 and PC2.A Network-card BNC connector
B BNC T-Piece
C Network-card (NIC - Network Interface Card)
D Cable connector
Note that BNC is an almost ancient network technique, cheap and slow (fast enough though for Internet!).
Variant 4: PC's and ADSL to Router/SwitchPro's
- simple setup
- no manual configuration of PC's
- almost unlimited number of PC's (255)
- dialup done automatically
- "galvanic" separations of Internet and LAN
- no uplink or crossed UTP cable required
- hub ports = number PC's
- no server required
Con's - routers can be expensive
- configuration of a router can be hard
- not all ADSL routers support RAS with VPN/PPTP
The router/switch (like the LinkSys models) is both a "server" for DHCP, firewall, DNS etc. and a hub in one.
Note: for MXStream there are not many ADSL routers compatible! This is due to the fact that MXStream uses VPN/PPTP over RAS (dial-up networking). See for example the Vigor 2200E MXStream configuration or the Dutch LinkSys page, or the SMC website. Both SMC and LinkSys have some amazing routers, some even have WiFi (Wireless Lan) and/or a printerserver buildin!
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the router/switch (here indicated as hub/switch).
All PC's are connected to the router/switch.
All you need to do is to configure the router for Internet Sharing.
I used the KPN MXStream-Basic ADSL variant. Other ADSL connections might work in a similar fashion.
I assume you already connected ADSL/MXStream, if not .
here is how to connect the PSTN (analog) version,
and here is how to connect the ISDN version.
Note: if you do not wish to purchase WinRoute and/or your server PC is a really old one (i.e. 386 etc.) then you might consider the one floppy-server-router linux distribution called FloppyFW for MXStream. The server does not even need a harddisk and it's FREE!
Note: In case you're not useing a router (either in software or hardware), you will NOT be able to connect a maximum of 1 PC at a time to MXStream.
Overview
There are 4 basic variants possible for sharing a connection that is Ethernet based (like ADSL):
All PC's and the ADSL connection to hub or switch
All PC's and the ADSL connection to hub or switch with a server
All PC's to hub or switch, 1 PC (server) has the ADSL connection
Using an (ADSL) router
For configuring WinRoute please read the ADSL/MXStream - WinRoute configuration page.
For an example of a router configuration, see MXStream - Configuring the Vigor 2200e router.
After hacking the Alcatel modem (Ethernet version only), the modem becomes a router!
Variant 1: Everything hooked to a Hub or SwitchPro's
- simple setup
- no server needed
- configure each PC manually
- only one PC at a time can be connected to MXStream
Con's - max. 4 PC's
- fixed IP-address for all 4 PC's
- Dial-in required per PC
- no proxy
- hub ports = number of PC's + 1
Here we connect all Ethernet cables (PC and ADSL) to a hub or switch. The hub or switch can be any model UTP based HUB preferably with a uplink/MDI crossed connector. You will need the uplink connector to connect the ADSL connector. If your hub does not come with such a connector, you should buy a UTP crossed network cable and use that instead. Your hub should have at least the amount op PC's plus 1 (ADSL) UTP ports.
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the uplink UTP connector of your hub, or - using a UTP crossed cable - to a regular UTP connector.
Each PC is connected to a regular UTP port of the hub/switch.
Each PC (maximum of 4!) should be configured as a ADSL client as described by your provider (see the KPN MXStream manual for details). Each PC should have an unique IP-address!
Variant 2: Everything to the Hub or Switch - 1 PC is serverPro's
- simple setup
- no manual PC configuration
- almost no limit to the number of PC's (255)
- dialup is done automatically
- proxy (WinRoute)
Con's - server software or Microsoft Internet Sharing required
- configuring server can be difficult
- no "galvanic" separation between Internet and LAN
- hub ports = number PC's + 1
This setup is similar to variant 1 with one difference: we have a server running which enables us to use a different IP-range for PC's.
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the uplink UTP connector of your hub, or - using a UTP crossed cable - to a regular UTP connector.
Each PC is connected to a regular UTP port of the hub/switch.
One of the PC's is to be configured as server either using software like WinRoute or Microsoft Internet Sharing (Windows 2000 and Windows ME have this standard included).
For configuring WinRoute please read the ADSL/MXStream - WinRoute configuration page.
Variant 3: All PC's to a Hub of Switch - Server to ADSLPro's
- simple setup
- no manual configuration of PC's
- almost unlimited number of PC's (255)
- dialup done automatically
- "galvanic" separation of Internet and LAN
- no uplink or crossed UTP cable required
- hub ports = number PC's
- proxy (WinRoute)
Con's - server software or Microsoft Internet Sharing required
- configuring server can be difficult
- server needs additional network-card
Similar to variant 1 and variant 2 with the exception that the ADSL cable is connected to a server directly and from that server an second network connection is connected to the hub or switch. There are no limitations to the switch or hub used, this can even be a coax network if you would like so (this requires NO hub).
The ADSL network cable is connected to the server, which has 2 network-cards:
- ADSL connection
- LAN/hub connection
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the server.
The second network-card of the server is connected to the hub.
Each PC is connected to a regular UTP port of the hub/switch.
One of the PC's is to be configured as server either using software like WinRoute or Microsoft Internet Sharing (Windows 2000 and Windows ME have this standard included).
For configuring WinRoute please read the ADSL/MXStream - WinRoute configuration page.
Note: topology for using coax (BNC) will look like this;
A BNC/Coax connection is setup as shown below, note that a terminator has to be connected to both ends of the "line". In the example above, a terminator is required on the T-Piece of PC1 and PC2.A Network-card BNC connector
B BNC T-Piece
C Network-card (NIC - Network Interface Card)
D Cable connector
Note that BNC is an almost ancient network technique, cheap and slow (fast enough though for Internet!).
Variant 4: PC's and ADSL to Router/SwitchPro's
- simple setup
- no manual configuration of PC's
- almost unlimited number of PC's (255)
- dialup done automatically
- "galvanic" separations of Internet and LAN
- no uplink or crossed UTP cable required
- hub ports = number PC's
- no server required
Con's - routers can be expensive
- configuration of a router can be hard
- not all ADSL routers support RAS with VPN/PPTP
The router/switch (like the LinkSys models) is both a "server" for DHCP, firewall, DNS etc. and a hub in one.
Note: for MXStream there are not many ADSL routers compatible! This is due to the fact that MXStream uses VPN/PPTP over RAS (dial-up networking). See for example the Vigor 2200E MXStream configuration or the Dutch LinkSys page, or the SMC website. Both SMC and LinkSys have some amazing routers, some even have WiFi (Wireless Lan) and/or a printerserver buildin!
Layout:
The ADSL cable goes to the splitter.
The ADSL modem is connected to the splitter.
The Ethernet cable from the modem either is connected to the router/switch (here indicated as hub/switch).
All PC's are connected to the router/switch.
All you need to do is to configure the router for Internet Sharing.
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